VRITTI

(六)結論
                                                                                                                                                         
不能 → 自始 → 1.(1)自始客觀不能
                                                                               
                                (2)準用246
                                                                               
                      → 2.(1)自始主觀不能
                                                                               
                               (2)即使自始主觀不能契約仍有效
                                                                               
                               (3)已屆清償期仍給付不能則負債務不履行之責
                                                                               
                               (4)債務不履行之責 若當事人有規約定者依約定
                                                                               
                               (5)無約定者依法律上的特別規定(權利瑕疵擔保)

                               (6)無特別規定者負擔保責任
                                                                                
                       → 2.(5) a.權利瑕疵擔保(349)：出賣人負無過失責任
                                                                                                                                  
                                     b.權利瑕疵擔保效果(353)：得依債務不履行之規定行使權利
                                                                                
                                     c.債務不履行之規定：給付不能(226)
                                                                               
                                     d.適用226效果：若債務人主觀自始不能則債權人得請求損害賠償
                                         此賠償為履行利益
                                            
                                                                               
不能 → 嗣後 → 1.(1) 嗣後不可歸責
                                                                               
                                (2) 225 ←→ 266
                                                                               
                                (3) 225第二項效果：債權人得向第三人主張代償請求權，前提是債權
                                      人已為完全之給付。此第三人為造成債務人給付不能之第三人。
                                                                               
                                (4) 266效果：
                                                                               
                                      a.若債務人給付不能則債權人免為對待給付。
                                                                               
                                       b.若債務人僅一部不能則債權人得按比例減少對待給付。
                                                                               
                                       c.若債權人已給付者則得依不當得利之規定請求返還。
                                                                                
                        → 2.(1) 嗣後可歸責：過失責任、故意責任(220、224)
                                                                                                                                                       
                                 (2) 256 ←→ 226 ←→ 267
                                                                               
                                 (3) 226一項效果：債權人得請求損害賠償。
                                                                               
                                 (4) 226二項效果：債務人給付一部不能而致債權人無利益時，債權人
                                       得拒絕給付，並請求全部不利益之損害賠償。
                                                                                
                                 (5) 256效果：解除契約。
                                                                                
                                 (6) 267效果：若債務人給付不能則債權人得請求對待給付。
                                                        
                                                                              
相關法條：220、224、225、226、254、255、256、266、267、353、411
                                                                                
            

──取自：《給付不能──自始主觀不能》。詹森林